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Serotonin is a neurotransmitter made in the brain from tryptophan. Serotonin has been associated with positive moods and restful sleep. To produce and maintain optimum serotonin levels, your body requires tryptophan , an essential amino acid, which means that your body cannot produce it. In the body, tryptophan has been shown to: Improve sleep Enhance mood Modulate stress Life Extension offers Optimized Tryptophan Plus to broadly and powerfully support tryptophan levels already within the normal range. In addition to delivering an optimum intake of tryptophan itself?the Optimized Tryptophan Plus formula also provides a unique, balanced supply of other nutrients found to help maintain tryptophan activity in the body. Optimized Tryptophan Plus blends lysine, niacinamide, and extracts of hops and rosemary to provide nutritive support for the body?s production of serotonin. Life Extension Optimized Tryptophan Plus contains premium L-tryptophan which has undergone significantly more rigorous manufacturing processes than regular tryptophan material, to assure the highest purity and safety.

Zinc is a mineral that stimulates the activity of approximately 300 enzymes, which are substances that promote biochemical reactions in your body. These reactions are essential for the formation of superoxide dismutase, one of the body?s most important free radical scavengers. Zinc also promotes immune function, taste sensitivity, protein and DNA synthesis, insulin production, reproductive organ development and sperm motility. Zinc also supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence. Maintaining adequate levels of zinc is equally important to aging adults. As people grow older, their immune function declines, partly due to the decreasing size and function of the thymus gland. Evidence suggests that zinc may help to maintain healthy function of the thymus gland in elderly people. Scientists have also found evidence that a zinc deficiency in elderly adults may contribute to impaired immune function with aging, or immunosenescence. These findings suggest that zinc plays a critical role in supporting healthy immune function with age. OptiZinc is a superior bioavailable form of zinc.

Pantothenic acid plays a role in the synthesis of hemoglobin, steroid hormones, neurotransmitters, and lipids. It is the most important component of coenzyme-A, which assists in several metabolic pathways and is necessary for the transfer of fats to and from cells. Pantothenic acid is only mildly acidic, but is often available in combination with calcium to neutralize its acidity and increase its storage stability.

PEAK ATP with GlycoCarn provides two critical nutrients for optimal endothelial function and structural integrity. GlycoCarn , a patented form of propionyl-L-carnitine, supports healthy endothelial function by facilitating the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are converted into usable energy. It also augments endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, enhancing blood flow to active tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle and heart). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a key component of the cellular energy cycle. ATP acts on microvascular endothelial cells to produce vasodilation (widening of the arteries). PEAK ATP has been tested in human and animal studies. It is readily absorbed and boosts circulating ATP levels. ATP released from red blood cells may stimulate endothelium-dependent dilation of adjacent arterioles. Ensuring adequate red blood cell pools of ATP to help regulate vascular tone is critical to maintaining circulatory health.

Policosanol is a natural supplement derived from sugar cane. It is a mixture of eight higher primary aliphatic alcohols isolated and purified from sugar cane wax. If one expects to derive the benefits shown in the published studies, the other alcohols that make up policosanol product should be present. Policosanol promotes healthy platelet function and helps to maintain cholesterol levels that are already within the normal range. Animal and human studies have also shown that policosanol is an antioxidant. When used in long-term clinical trials, policosanol was well tolerated and safe.

Pomegranate supports healthy blood flow. In a group of aging humans with risk factors for cardiovascular events, pomegranate or placebo was ingested on a daily basis. After 12 months, the mean intima media thickness improved 35% in the pomegranate group, whereas carotid blood flow worsened by 9% in the placebo group. Both groups continued taking conventionally prescribed medications. In another study on patients with ischemic coronary heart disease, pomegranate or placebo was ingested daily. After only three months, coronary artery blood flow improved by 17% in the pomegranate group, but worsened by 18% in the placebo group.

Pomegranate supports healthy blood flow. In a group of aging humans with risk factors for cardiovascular events, pomegranate or placebo was ingested on a daily basis. After 12 months, the mean intima media thickness improved 35% in the pomegranate group, whereas carotid blood flow worsened by 9% in the placebo group. Both groups continued taking conventionally prescribed medications. In another study on patients with ischemic coronary heart disease, pomegranate or placebo was ingested daily. After only three months, coronary artery blood flow improved by 17% in the pomegranate group, but worsened by 18% in the placebo group.

Potassium iodide is a specific blocker of thyroid radio-iodine uptake.

Mitochondria are the cellular energy generators that supply virtually all the power your body requires for a healthy life span. An abundance of published studies underscores the critical importance of the mitochondria to overall health, especially as we age. Energy-intensive organs like the heart and brain are dense with mitochondria. Until recently, the only natural ways for aging individuals to increase the number of mitochondria in their bodies were long-term calorie restriction or exhaustive physical activity?which are difficult or impractical for most people to implement. PQQ offers a viable alternative. The enormous amount of energy generated within the mitochondria exposes them to constant free radical attack. The resulting mitochondrial decay is a hallmark of aging. PQQ protects and augments delicate mitochondrial structures to promote youthful cellular function in three distinct ways: Antioxidant power . Like CoQ10, PQQ is a highly potent antioxidant. Its extraordinary molecular stability enables it to facilitate thousands of biochemical reactions in the mitochondria without breaking down, for maximum antioxidant and bioenergetic support. Favorably modulates gene expression . PQQ activates genes that promote formation of new mitochondria ?and beneficially interacts with genes directly involved in mitochondrial health. These same genes also support healthy body weight , normal fat and sugar metabolism , and youthful cellular proliferation . Mitochondrial defense. Mitochondria possess their own DNA, distinct from the DNA contained in the nucleus. Unfortunately, compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA are relatively unprotected. PQQ's antioxidant potency and favorable gene expression profile act to support mitochondrial defense. PQQ is an essential nutrient , meaning that your body cannot make it on its own. A growing body of research indicates that PQQ's unique nutritional profile supports heart health and cognitive function?alone and in combination with CoQ10. This comes as no surprise, given how much energy these vital organs need. Research shows that PQQ supports heart cell function in the presence of free radicals and promotes blood flow in the heart muscle. When taken in combination with CoQ10 , just 20 mg per day of PQQ has been shown to promote memory, attention, and cognition in maturing individuals. Life Extension has identified a purified, highly potent form of PQQ from Japan that is produced through a unique fermentation process. The result is BioPQQ, the highest quality PQQ available on the market today.

Mitochondria are the cellular energy generators that supply virtually all the power your body requires for a healthy life span. An abundance of published studies underscores the critical importance of the mitochondria to overall health, especially as we age. Energy-intensive organs like the heart and brain are dense with mitochondria. Until recently, the only natural ways for aging individuals to increase the number of mitochondria in their bodies were long-term calorie restriction or exhaustive physical activity which are difficult or impractical for most people to implement. PQQ offers a viable alternative. The enormous amount of energy generated within the mitochondria exposes them to constant free radical activity. The resulting mitochondrial decay is a hallmark of aging. PQQ protects and augments delicate mitochondrial structures to promote youthful cellular function in three distinct ways: Antioxidant power. Like CoQ10, PQQ is a highly potent antioxidant. Its extraordinary molecular stability enables it to facilitate thousands of biochemical reactions in the mitochondria without breaking down, for maximum antioxidant and bioenergetic support. Favorably modulates gene expression. PQQ activates genes that promote formation of new mitochondria and beneficially interacts with genes directly involved in mitochondrial health. These same genes also support healthy body weight, normal fat and sugar metabolism, and youthful cellular proliferation. Mitochondrial defense. Mitochondria possess their own DNA, distinct from the DNA contained in the nucleus. Unfortunately, compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA are relatively unprotected. PQQ?s antioxidant potency and favorable gene expression profile act to support mitochondrial defense. PQQ is an essential nutrient, meaning that your body cannot make it on its own. A growing body of research indicates that PQQ?s unique nutritional profile supports heart health and cognitive function alone and in combination with CoQ10. This comes as no surprise, given how much energy these vital organs need. Research shows that PQQ supports heart cell function in the presence of free radicals and promotes blood flow in the heart muscle. When taken in combination with CoQ10, just 20 mg per day of PQQ has been shown to promote memory, attention, and cognition in maturing individuals. Life Extension has identified a purified, highly potent form of PQQ from Japan that is produced through a unique fermentation process. The result is BioPQQ, the highest quality PQQ available on the market today.

Pregnenolone is biochemically a prohormone. It is made directly from cholesterol within the mitochondria of the adrenal glands and, to a lesser degree, the nervous system, with the help of the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, p450scc. Pregnenolone is a precursor to various hormones, such as progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. So it can help the body maintain normal hormone levels, which in turn helps numerous body functions.

It is made directly from cholesterol within the mitochondria of the adrenal glands and, to a lesser degree, the nervous system, with the help of the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, p450scc. Pregnenolone is a precursor to various hormones, such as progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. So it can help the body maintain normal hormone levels, which in turn helps numerous body functions.

The health of the vascular system is overlooked in the effort to support sexual function in aging men. Blood flow through the delicate lining of the arteries (the endothelium) is essential to sexual arousal. So it should come as no surprise that endothelial function is closely associated with male sexual capacity. Life Extension has discovered supportive clinical research for a scientifically validated, natural dietary supplement formula to promote endothelial function and blood flow to the place men need it most - for maximum performance. The ingredients found in Prelox Natural Sex for Men have yielded compelling and highly satisfactory results in five independent clinical studies. Our analysis also confirms that unlike some performance enhancement supplements marketed as "natural," Prelox Natural Sex for Men is not adulterated. The patented blend of the following natural ingredients positively affects the male physiology in these three ways, to provide optimal support: Pycnogenol (standardized French maritime pine bark extract) activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNO-S), the enzyme required to make nitric oxide. Nitric oxide (NO) relaxes the vessels that enable efficient blood flow - the key to healthy male sexual activity and overall vascular health. Pycnogenol further amplifies this relaxing effect by extending the amount of time nitric oxide remains in the bloodstream. L-Arginine is the biological precursor to nitric oxide synthesis in the endothelium. It interacts synergistically with Pycnogenol to sustain nitric oxide levels sufficient for healthy sexual function. Icariin, a natural plant compound used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to deactivate the enzyme normally responsible for winding down male sexual response, further promoting sustained activity.

Phosphatidylserine is required for normal cellular structure and function. Brain tissues are especially rich in phosphatidylserine (PS), but aging causes a decline in the PS content of cells throughout the body. Research has shown that in addition to improving neural function, PS enhances energy metabolism in all cells, memory, concentration, learning and word choice. In the brain, PS helps maintain cell membrane integrity and youthful synaptic plasticity. Studies suggested chronic supplementation of phosphatidylserine significantly decreases cortical activity in the brain before and after induced stress, resulting in a more relaxed state. Consumption of phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. However, the FDA concludes that there is still little scientific evidence supporting this claim.

Like resveratrol, pterostilbene belongs to a class of compounds called phytoalexins, which are naturally produced by plants when under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi.Pterostilbene is a compound structurally similar to resveratrol and can also be found in grapes, blueberries, and other small fruits, as well as the bark of some trees.In laboratory tests, pterostilbene has shown promise for supporting cardiovascular health, glucose levels that are already within normal range, anti-aging and cognitive function. It helps improve mitochondrial function and supports healthy metabolic function by activating SIRT1 and mimicking calorie restriction. It has also shown potential to ease inflammation and support antioxidant activity.This exciting product is based on a licensed patent from the University of Mississippi and the Agricultural Research Service, which is the principal intramural scientific agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. pTeroPure is the authentic pterostilbene used in clinical studies and is the only material licensed for high-dose application in dietary supplements.

Every day you see older people without the strength they need to perform the simplest tasks. Until now the loss of muscle strength has been an unavoidable fact of normal aging. Research shows that humans undergo a 5%-10% loss of total muscle mass each decade after age 40 . That loss of strength can have life threatening consequences. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians , injuries sustained during falls as a result of lost functional strength are the number one cause of accidental death in people over 65. Now there's something you can do about it ... with Pure Plant Protein . Published studies have firmly established that aging individuals need more dietary protein than younger people to promote healthy muscle mass as they age. The problem is that many older people are told to limit animal protein intake, which carries the risk of toxins, saturated fats, elevated cholesterol, and other health threats. Now you can obtain the protein you need in a highly digestible, vegetarian form with new Pure Plant Protein vegetarian formula. No dietary protein mix on the market today rivals the benefits offered by this ultra-digestible, low-glycemic blend ? free of gluten, soy, wheat, and dairy! We took a unique combination of high quality pea, rice, and artichoke proteins. Added metabolically active branched-chain amino acids ( valine, leucine, isoleucine ), glycine and glutamine to form a complete protein without animal products or common allergens. Then included an array of prebiotic compounds to maintain healthy intestinal flora. The result is a formula that offers you all these health-promoting benefits: Support for recovery after workouts. Protein free of dairy, soy, wheat, and gluten for individuals who do not tolerate these dietary components well. Low fat, no cholesterol. No artificial sweeteners ? and no xylitol, maltitol, or sorbitol (sugar alcohols). It mixes with cold water into a full-bodied drink that's neither thin nor unsatisfying. Oat beta-glucans help reduce after-meal blood glucose surges. Prebiotic inulins, the nutrients beneficial bacteria thrive on. These inulins are complex, lasting longer in the digestive tract and enabling beneficial bacteria to distribute further into the colon. Just one scoop supplies the complete range of protein and nutrients your body needs to support healthy muscle as you age. And taking this powdered drink mix with meals can enable you to reduce the intake of fat and carbohydrate calories that contribute to unwanted weight gain.

Life Extension Pycnogenol French Maritime Pine Bark Extract is a natural plant extract containing procyanidins, bioflavonoids, and other health-giving molecules that synergistically support the body?s natural defenses against five major processes that characterize premature aging. Its effectiveness is backed by 40 years of study. Life Extension Pycnogenol French Maritime Pine Bark Extract is designed to counteract premature-aging-related changes by providing support for the following mechanisms: Membrane function: Pycnogenol promotes the integrity and normal characteristics of cell membranes. DNA function: Pycnogenol helps support normal DNA function through antioxidant activity and possibly other mechanisms. Easing inflammation: Pycnogenol helps ease inflammation by normal modulation of inflammatory cytokine molecules. Oxidative stress: Pycnogenol supports the normal functioning of healthy antioxidant systems to help suppress free radicals and protect DNA. Glycation: Pycnogenol supports cellular metabolism of sugar, healthy fasting, and post-meal blood sugar levels already within normal range, and normal sugar absorption in the intestine. Unlike other forms of pine bark extract, Pycnogenol is a superior patented and standardized ingredient that has undergone extensive human clinical research to substantiate its numerous antiaging properties.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine HCl), found in conventional supplements, plays a crucial role in numerous life processes. Pyridoxal 5?-phosphate is the metabolically active form of vitamin B6 that has been shown to protect living lipids and proteins against glycation reactions. Aging results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) throughout the body. Sugar (glucose) in the blood can react with proteins and lipids in the body, particularly when blood levels are high. This unwanted reaction causes the formation of AGEs, which accumulate with time and contribute to some of the signs of aging. Life Extension has previously presented information that high-dose carnosine and benfotiamine can be helpful in inhibiting AGE formation. The latest information shows that pyridoxal 5?-phosphate may also be of significant help in blocking the formation of these aging molecules. By inhibiting AGE formation and working as a coenzyme in chemical reactions, pyridoxal 5?-phosphate can support healthy nerve, eye, cardiovascular and kidney function. In addition to this standalone product, Life Extension offers pyridoxal 5?-phosphate in two premier formulations: Life Extension Mix and Mitochondrial Energy Optimizer with BioPQQ (see these products described in the Top 10 Recommendation article in this Directory).

Reishi mushroom has been traditionally used to boost immune system vitality. Its broad-spectrum benefits have been demonstrated in thousands of studies. An advanced extraction technology has resulted in a new Reishi extract that make its active compounds even more bioavailable. An abundance of evidence demonstrates that Reishi constituents enhance the protective activity of the body?s hematopoietic stem cells, T-cells, and other crucial immune factors. Reishi?s immune-supporting compounds include an array of unique polysaccharides, triterpenes, and other constituents, many of which assist activation of the cell surface receptors that modulate normal immunity. The Reishi mushroom also supports the body?s production of endogenous antioxidant enzymes?such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase , and glutathione?which, in turn, support the body?s natural immune defenses against free radical damage. Reishi Extract Mushroom Complex delivers powerful compounds and represents the next generation of natural immune support. Reishi extracts standardized to polysaccharides have been available for years, but most do not standardize for triterpenes and include the spores. This full-spectrum extract has multiple components which have shown to support healthy immune function and enhanced longevity in a natural experimental aging model.

The skin is the largest organ in the human body weighing approximately ten pounds and covering an area of about 16 square feet. Our skin protects us from heat, cold, excessive water loss, and pathogens. It also provides us with sensory information about the nature of the external world. The skin is also an excretory organ, removing toxins from the body via perspiration. The skin, as the outermost barrier of the body, is exposed to various sources of oxidative stress which can negatively affect its appearance, in particular UV-irradiation and environmental toxins such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, etc. Cross-linked (glycated) proteins are classic characteristics of apparent skin aging. Cross-linked proteins in the skin result in an unsightly leathery appearance. The structure of the skin is supported by collagen, the main constituent of connective tissue. Epidemiological studies strongly indicate an association between tobacco smoking and skin aging. Various animal and human studies have shown that topical solutions which include antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E , as well as alpha-lipoic acid are beneficial to healthy-looking skin. Replacing moisture lost to aging is a prime reason why people use face creams. Most commercial face creams are oil-based and work by blocking the release of water from the skin. As people grow older, however, they cannot rely on oil-based preparations to block the release of moisture. That is because aged skin loses the ability to attract moisture in the first place and fundamentally becomes dehydrated. At this point, aged skin needs to be replenished with its natural moisturizer complex in order to attract and retain water. However, there is good news. Research indicates that we may have more control over the rate at which our skin appears to age than any other organ of the body. To slow the appearance of skin aging, an individual must take a comprehensive approach to managing all the factors that have been identified. The scientific literature now indicates that the daily application of a variety of agents can have a profound effect on the appearance of the skin. In addition, certain ingestible nutrients have been identified that can help promote healthy looking skin from within. Aging causes adverse effects to every skin cell in the body, but commercial body lotions do little more than prevent moisture loss. The Rejuvenex Body Lotion , on the other hand, provides the best agents known to science to promote healthier looking skin. In addition to moisturizing agents, Rejuvenex Body Lotion provides: Antioxidant vitamins and melatonin Ginkgo extract to help protect and soothe Topically applied nucleic acids (RNA DNA) to reduce the ap-pearance of creases Rejuvenex Body Lotion offers a myriad of benefits that help improve the appearance of the skin. Yet, it costs less than high-priced commercial products.

The skin is the largest organ in the human body weighing approximately ten pounds and covering an area of about 16 square feet. Our skin protects us from heat, cold, excessive water loss, and pathogens. It also provides us with sensory information about the nature of the external world. The skin is also an excretory organ, removing toxins from the body via perspiration. The skin, as the outermost barrier of the body, is exposed to various sources of oxidative stress which can negatively affect its appearance, in particular UV-irradiation and environmental toxins such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, etc.1 Cross-linked (glycated) proteins are classic characteristics of apparent skin aging. Cross-linked proteins in the skin result in an unsightly leathery appearance. The structure of the skin is supported by collagen, the main constituent of connective tissue. Epidemiological studies strongly indicate an association between tobacco smoking and skin aging. Various animal and human studies have shown that topical solutions which include antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E, as well as alpha-lipoic acid are beneficial to healthy-looking skin. Replacing moisture lost to aging is a prime reason why people use face creams. Most commercial face creams are oil-based and work by blocking the release of water from the skin. As people grow older, however, they cannot rely on oil-based preparations to block the release of moisture. That is because aged skin loses the ability to attract moisture in the first place and fundamentally becomes dehydrated. At this point, aged skin needs to be replenished with its natural moisturizer complex in order to attract and retain water. However, there is good news. Research indicates that we may have more control over the rate at which our skin appears to age than any other organ of the body. To slow the appearance of skin aging, an individual must take a comprehensive approach to managing all the factors that have been identified. The scientific literature now indicates that the daily application of a variety of agents can have a profound effect on the appearance of the skin. In addition, certain ingestible nutrients have been identified that can help promote healthy looking skin from within. RejuveneX Factor Firming Serum is the latest update of the original RejuveneX Factor formulation by Professor Carmen Fusco that launched the science-based skincare revolution in 1983. This formulation provides 10 new compounds (a total of proven active ingredients) in a nutrient-dense, deep-penetrating serum to promote the appearance of more youthful, firmer, healthier, and more vibrant skin. These compounds include: Matrixyl synthe to help minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Hylasome EG10 to hold more moisture in skin cells and target free radicals. Salicylic acid to support production of new skin cells. Vegetal filling spheres to help replenish skin for a rejuvenated appearance. Pichia-resveratrol to help increa